Although the primary symptom of depression for many is often a feeling of sadness, men may have a higher tendency than women to feel anger, demonstrate aggressive feelings, and engage in substance abuse. 

Due to the different symptoms, and because men are typically less likely to talk about and seek treatment for depression than women, many men may have undiagnosed depression.

The behavioral signs of depression can manifest differently in men and women. For instance, alcohol and drug use affect men with depression more often than women, and men are more likely than women to display anger attacks and risk-taking behavior.

Men with depression may notice the following behavioral changes:

• drinking more or taking drugs 
• avoiding family or social situations
• working obsessively without taking proper breaks
• finding it hard to keep up with work or family responsibilities
• becoming more controlling or abusive in relationships
• engaging in risk-taking behavior, such as gambling or unsafe sex
• attempting suicide

One theory is that these behavioral changes occur as a result of men trying to mask depression and adhere to so-called “masculine norms.” This attempt to conceal depression may cause men to lash out or engage in self-destructive behaviors.

Men with depression may also lose interest in their hobbies and passions or feel less motivated to succeed at work.

Depression may affect a man’s sex drive too. Men with depression may have less interest in having sex and might have trouble with sexual performance.

Depression is a mental health condition, but it also has physical symptoms. Men with depression may experience:

• headaches
• tightness in the chest
• joint, limb, or back pain
• digestive problems
• tiredness
• sleeping too much or too little
• feeling restless or agitated
• eating too much or too little
• unintentional weight loss

Some of these symptoms may arise because of the effect that depression has on a person’s brain chemicals. Depression changes the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, which are brain messengers that govern pain and mood. Shared brain cell pathways may link depression and pain.

Alongside other treatments, certain lifestyle changes and coping strategies can help a person manage depression. For example:

• Regular exercise: Running or even walking briskly outside can produce endorphins and lift a person’s mood.
• Creating structure: Sticking to a daily routine may help make each day feel a little easier.
• Breaking down tasks: When big tasks feel unmanageable, breaking them down into smaller tasks may help.
• Yoga, mindfulness, or meditation: These practices may reduce stress and support well-being.
• Talking to friends and family: Sharing feelings with others may make them feel less overwhelming.
• Avoiding alcohol: Reducing alcohol intake may improve mood.

Increased awareness of the signs of depression in men can empower those with this condition to get help.

Seeking help for depression is essential. Suicide is a leading preventable cause of death among men. Treatment can significantly improve a man’s mental health and emotional well-being.