Colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when detected early. Screening plays a crucial role in identifying precancerous polyps and early-stage cancer before symptoms develop. Understanding when and how to get tested can significantly reduce your risk and improve treatment outcomes.
Why Screening Matters
Colorectal cancer often develops from precancerous polyps in the colon or rectum. Regular screening helps detect these polyps early so they can be removed before they turn into cancer. Early detection also improves the chances of successful treatment, reducing mortality rates.
When Should You Get Screened?
The American Cancer Society recommends that individuals at average risk start screening at age 45. However, those with higher risk factors—such as a family history of colorectal cancer, genetic predispositions, or inflammatory bowel diseases—may need to start earlier. Discussing your risk factors with a healthcare provider can help determine the best screening schedule for you.
Types of Colorectal Cancer Screening Tests
Several screening options are available, each with its own benefits:
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Colonoscopy: Considered the gold standard, this test allows for both the detection and removal of polyps. It is recommended every 10 years for individuals at average risk.
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Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT): A non-invasive stool test that detects hidden blood in the stool. It should be done annually.
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Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): Similar to FIT, this test detects blood in the stool and should also be performed annually.
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Stool DNA Test: This test identifies abnormal DNA in the stool and is recommended every 3 years.
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Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: Examines the lower part of the colon and is recommended every 5 years.
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CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): Uses imaging technology to screen for abnormalities and is recommended every 5 years.
How to prepare for a screening
Preparation for screening depends on the type of test being performed. Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy require bowel cleansing with prescribed laxatives, while stool-based tests only require collecting a sample at home. Your healthcare provider will give specific instructions to ensure accurate results.
Taking Charge of Your Health
Colorectal cancer screening is a vital tool in preventing and detecting cancer early. If you are due for screening or have risk factors, speak with your doctor about the best test for you. Prioritizing screenings can lead to early intervention and significantly improve health outcomes.
Don’t wait—schedule your colorectal cancer screening today and take a proactive step toward safeguarding your health.
